Remember, the Oral Presentations (50 points) will occur during the first half of the class!
150 POINTS
50 Points: TAKE-HOME ESSAY
By now you should know how to write these. Since this is take-home, they are expected to be A) extremely detailed, B) typed, and C) handed in before the start of the exam. These are the two questions:
A. Analyze the emerging social concerns of the 19th century as exemplified by educational, institutional and literary developments.
B. Analyze the evolving role of the presidency from George Washington to Abraham Lincoln.
50 Points: IN-CLASS ESSAY
Two of the below essay questions will be on the test. You will write one of those two essays.
A. Identify at least three of the reasons for the growth of sectionalism prior to the Civil War and the distinguishing features of the three sections.
B. Discuss the structure of the antebellum South and the role of the slave culture in that society.
C. Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the Confederacy and the Union during the Civil War.
20 Points: TERMS (2 points each)
Instead of multiple choice, you will fill in blanks using the word list below. Remember to study the importance of the idea or event.
Missouri Compromise
Wilmont Proviso
Popular Sovereignty
Free-Soil Party
Compromise of 1850
Mexican Cession
Bleeding Kansas
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Lecompton Controversy
Harper's Ferry
Fort Sumter
Anaconda Plan
Manifest Destiny
Frontier Thesis
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Palmyra, New York
Charles Finney
Evangelicalism
Second Great Awakening
Burned-Over District
Beecher Family
Cult of Domesticity
Horace Mann
Dorothea Dix
Utopianism
Br'er Rabbit
"Corrupt Bargain" of 1824
Spoils System
Whigs
Anti-Masonry
American System
Monroe Doctrine
Battle of New Orleans
Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
30 Points: DEFINITIONS (5 points each)
Just like the Midterm, you will define six terms and then write about why it is important in American History. Use two or more sentences. You will get to pick from the list above except you can only use the terms you did not use for the Matching.
Tuesday, December 2, 2008
Notes from 12/2
Fort Sumter
At the start of Lincoln's first term, several states had already seceded. His main goal was to preserve the Union and put down rebellion
Lincoln feared the secession of Upper South states (MO, KY, DE, MD)
Fort Sumter, South Carolina was sent provisions, but not weapons. The South attacked the fort before provisions arrived.
As a result, war broke out. VA, NC, AK, TN allied with the Confederates
Politics
Confederate armies attempted to control western territories to cut the Union off from the Mississippi and gold and silver mines
The Union quickly solidified control of the northern West by building railroads
Confederates thought England and France would support them, weakening the US and promoting cotton sales
The Union blockaded the South and minimized losses to prevent looking weak
Mobilization
Neither side was prepared militarily or financially
Neither side predicted more than 6 months of fighting
In the South, citizens felt higher taxes and drafts went against their reasons for secession
90% of able white males fought for the South, most volunteers (page 400)
Many Union soldiers were volunteers as well, for wages, excitement, or honor
Problems with Confederacy
Decentralized: Considered themselves independent countries fighting the same war
States' Rights: Wary of a strong president, federal controls seemed like “Lincolnism”
Class Bias: “A rich man's war but a poor man's fight.” Laws protected the wealthy from fighting. Black soldiers not allowed*
Jefferson Davis: Unable to relate to commoners, stressed and depressed*
Slave economy: Inflation, wealth held by very few, industry underdeveloped, shortages
Draft
Both sides offered ways out of fighting:
Substitution
Commutation - $300
The poorest citizens felt the war did not apply to them and could not afford commutation. Riots broke out around the country, many racially charged.
NYC draft riots in 1863 lasted 3 days and involved 50,000. Up to 100 casualties
Lincoln diverted troops from DC to quell riots
$
Union capital was greater and far more organized than the Confederacy
Both governments preferred selling war bonds to raising taxes
“Greenbacks” printed, though many doubted their worth
Paper money was well regulated in the North. The South overprinted money as the war worsened and inflation rose.
Was Lincoln Evil?
Is it unconstitutional to leave the Union?
Lincoln sent troops into border states before fighting broke out
Mass arrests
Newspapers shut down
Suspension of habeas corpus
Emergency declarations
Laws were passed with only half a Congress
Use of military to enforce laws
Does the Constitution allow for greater executive powers during emergencies?
Slavery
1861 Confiscation Act: US seizes all property used to aid the South, including slaves
(Northern slaves were still OK)
1862 Confiscation Act: seized slaves were now “forever free”
Sept. 1862: after winning Antietam, Lincoln leaks the Emancipation Proclamation four months early. Rebel slaves were now completely free. I guess.
The EP threatened and demoralized the South while solidifying power in the North
http://www.civilwarphotos.net/files/lincoln_assassination.htm
Effects of the Civil War
Abolition wins
1863: The Emancipation Proclamation sets Confederate slaves free
Translation: war was now about Union AND slavery
Hope that foreign abolitionist nations (England, France) might take the side of the North
13th Amendment freed slaves
14th Amendment gave black men the vote
15th Amendment gave equal rights
In the South: “A rich man's war and a poor man's fight”
Effects
Women's sphere grows to include nursing, war activism, running family businesses
Nativism gives way to more ethnic tolerance
The federal government becomes truly supreme over the states
Government gets bigger. “Activist state” supports economic growth through incentives
As a result, business grows bigger.
Railroads, Steel, Oil
“Incorporated America”
At the start of Lincoln's first term, several states had already seceded. His main goal was to preserve the Union and put down rebellion
Lincoln feared the secession of Upper South states (MO, KY, DE, MD)
Fort Sumter, South Carolina was sent provisions, but not weapons. The South attacked the fort before provisions arrived.
As a result, war broke out. VA, NC, AK, TN allied with the Confederates
Politics
Confederate armies attempted to control western territories to cut the Union off from the Mississippi and gold and silver mines
The Union quickly solidified control of the northern West by building railroads
Confederates thought England and France would support them, weakening the US and promoting cotton sales
The Union blockaded the South and minimized losses to prevent looking weak
Mobilization
Neither side was prepared militarily or financially
Neither side predicted more than 6 months of fighting
In the South, citizens felt higher taxes and drafts went against their reasons for secession
90% of able white males fought for the South, most volunteers (page 400)
Many Union soldiers were volunteers as well, for wages, excitement, or honor
Problems with Confederacy
Decentralized: Considered themselves independent countries fighting the same war
States' Rights: Wary of a strong president, federal controls seemed like “Lincolnism”
Class Bias: “A rich man's war but a poor man's fight.” Laws protected the wealthy from fighting. Black soldiers not allowed*
Jefferson Davis: Unable to relate to commoners, stressed and depressed*
Slave economy: Inflation, wealth held by very few, industry underdeveloped, shortages
Draft
Both sides offered ways out of fighting:
Substitution
Commutation - $300
The poorest citizens felt the war did not apply to them and could not afford commutation. Riots broke out around the country, many racially charged.
NYC draft riots in 1863 lasted 3 days and involved 50,000. Up to 100 casualties
Lincoln diverted troops from DC to quell riots
$
Union capital was greater and far more organized than the Confederacy
Both governments preferred selling war bonds to raising taxes
“Greenbacks” printed, though many doubted their worth
Paper money was well regulated in the North. The South overprinted money as the war worsened and inflation rose.
Was Lincoln Evil?
Is it unconstitutional to leave the Union?
Lincoln sent troops into border states before fighting broke out
Mass arrests
Newspapers shut down
Suspension of habeas corpus
Emergency declarations
Laws were passed with only half a Congress
Use of military to enforce laws
Does the Constitution allow for greater executive powers during emergencies?
Slavery
1861 Confiscation Act: US seizes all property used to aid the South, including slaves
(Northern slaves were still OK)
1862 Confiscation Act: seized slaves were now “forever free”
Sept. 1862: after winning Antietam, Lincoln leaks the Emancipation Proclamation four months early. Rebel slaves were now completely free. I guess.
The EP threatened and demoralized the South while solidifying power in the North
http://www.civilwarphotos.net/files/lincoln_assassination.htm
Effects of the Civil War
Abolition wins
1863: The Emancipation Proclamation sets Confederate slaves free
Translation: war was now about Union AND slavery
Hope that foreign abolitionist nations (England, France) might take the side of the North
13th Amendment freed slaves
14th Amendment gave black men the vote
15th Amendment gave equal rights
In the South: “A rich man's war and a poor man's fight”
Effects
Women's sphere grows to include nursing, war activism, running family businesses
Nativism gives way to more ethnic tolerance
The federal government becomes truly supreme over the states
Government gets bigger. “Activist state” supports economic growth through incentives
As a result, business grows bigger.
Railroads, Steel, Oil
“Incorporated America”
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